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Information Technology in a Global Society
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Exam Prep 11
2.4.2
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Social and ethical issues
Paper One and Two may require you to evaluate the social and
ethical issues involved in the use of artificial
intelligence (AI) and expert systems. These may include:
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responsibility for the performance of an expert
system—knowledge engineer, informant, programmer,
company that sold it, the buyer/consumer
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value of
the development of AI as a field, for example, whether
it is an appropriate place to put economic resources
-
ethical
issues of various applications of AI, for example,
replacement of human workers, handing decision-making
tasks to a computer
-
social
impact of the use of “smart” machines on everyday life
-
ethical
issues related to military applications of AI, for
example, smart weapons, reconnaissance, decision making
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implications of creative production by computers using
AI, for example, Aaron, an expert system, creates visual
art
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access to
the knowledge base underlying an inference engine in an
expert system, for example, whether people affected by
decisions made using an expert system should have access
to the rules by which the decision was made.
Knowledge of technology
In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues
involved in the use of AI and expert systems, the student
must have an understanding of related technological
concepts. These may include:
key terms—AI,
Turing test,
parallel processing,
machine learning,
natural language,
common-sense knowledge,
agent,
pattern recognition,
expert system,
knowledge base,
inference engine,
heuristics,
fuzzy logic,
knowledge
engineer,
domain
Social Implications of AI
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storage
requirements for common-sense knowledge
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processing
requirements for AI
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collection/creation of a knowledge base
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creation
of an inference engine (for example, if/then rules,
fuzzy logic)
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identifying domains that are suitable for expert
system
When you think you know about
AI answer the questions
below using a pen/pencil and paper:
Click here for a print version
1. Define A.I. [2
marks]
2. Explain the
Turning test [4 marks]
3. Describe two
extra features that would be needed for a robot used in
surgery to be considered as a medical expert system. [4
marks]
4. Evaluate one
social or ethical issue that the possible development of AI
has for us. [6 marks] |
