HTML

Hypertext Markup Language

HTML is the language of web pages.

In order to truly understand HTML, you need to know a little about browsers, and in order to understand browsers, you really need to know a little about how the web works.

Let's Start At The Beginning...

The World Wide Web is a huge collection of computers which are linked together in a network.

When I say that they're linked together, I don't necessarily mean physically. What I mean is that they can communicate with each other. They do this by sending data to each other.

Data is INFORMATION. That's all it is. Don't let the technical words scare you off. I won't be using too many.

Data, or information, is stored on every computer on the internet, and takes many forms. Spreadsheets are a form of data, as are Word documents, images, sound bites, and web pages.

Now, you may have noticed that on your computer, when you want to open a document, you sometimes need to use a specific program to do that. If you want to look at a JPEG image, you open it in Photoshop. If you want to view a file that ends in .DOC, you'll use Microsoft Word.

The reason for that is that inside of a file, things are written very strangely. Files are usually encoded, and depending on the type of file, they use different codes. The application you open a file with, needs to understand the code it was written with. If I want to communicate with a German, I find someone who can speak German to translate for me. If I asked someone who knew Italian, but had no knowledge of German, I would be out of luck. The German would speak and the Italian translator would just shrug.

Web pages are encoded in their own special way too. The encoding process isn't difficult, and is usually done by hand. The way pages are encoded is with a MARK-UP language we call HTML. The letters stand for HyperText Mark-Up Language. Remember that web pages are usually used as a means of conveying data, or information. The data is your message. This is the meat of the HTML document. Text and content are most important.

Once you have created a web page, you store it on a certain type of computer called a web server. Web servers are computers which are attached to the Internet, and do basically two things. A web server stores information documents and sends those documents to any other computer which requests them.

What's Really Going on?

Here's what really happens when you surf the web...

you attach to the Internet with a special type of computer program known as a browser. The first thing the browser wants to know is where to go. You type in a url.  URL stands for Uniform (or Universal) Resource Locator

A url is an address. This address tells the browser exactly where to find the page you're looking for. 

This is an example of a URL:    http://www.senri.ed.jp

What happens next is that your browser writes a quick message to the computer at that address requesting the page you want. In less than a second, the request has been delivered. The computer which has received the request (The Web Server, remember?) grabs the data for the requested page, and shoots it back to the requesting computer.

"Hey, send me such and such page"
"okay, Here ya go!"

Cue The Browser

So now, you have the data for that web page on your computer, but it's slightly encrypted, remember?

The browser takes all that raw data, and translates it. Then displays it on your screen. what the browser sees is raw data, which might look like this:

<img src="http://DIS.DOZIER.COM/logo.gif">

But what you see is the browsers interpretation of that data.

You see, HTML is simply a way for you to tell your visitor's browser how you want it to display your data.

Writing HTML is probably a little easier than you might think, and in the next lesson, you'll get a chance to make your own webpage!

So What Do I Actually Have to Do?

First - there is a little test to check how much you have learned from reading this information.  Click here to take the test.  After you have finished the test, come back here.

OK... during this course, you will get a chance to learn a little something about what makes the internet and the world wide web function.

To pass this section of the course, you will have to make your own web pages.  

You have a choice;  you can make one web site with a few connected pages (at least four pages in all) or you can make four different single web pages.

They can be any topic and any style... anything you are interested in...  but we'll talk more about this later in the course,  first you'll need to learn a little about HTML.

Don't worry if you know absolutely nothing about web pages or HTML, the links on the Gr 8 DT page  for will show you everything you'll need to know to make your own web pages using HTML code.

Just go back and take a look at the Introduction to HTML by Ruth Livingstone .  This is a very good place for beginners to HTML to start.  Work your way through her lessons and you will learn a lot about HTML.   

The other links on this page will also give you a good introduction to HTML, so please check them out.